Development of the idea of existence security in the postmodern philosophy

Abstract

Understanding the global problems of human existence, concern about the negative anthropological and environmental consequences of unstoppable scientific and technological progress, the threat of a world war with new generation weapons, the pandemic laid the epistemological preconditions for the formation of a pressing philosophical problem - existential security. The logic of building a cognitive paradigm is based on the idea of existential security as a theoretical concept. The formation of existential security as a phenomenon of consciousness took place through the comprehension of the prospects of human existence and the search for possible answers to the existential challenges of existence. Mental and cultural origins of its formation can be found in mythological and religious forms of consciousness, as shown in the cultural studies of Thomas Mann, Ernst Cassirer and others. But the most thorough understanding of the threats to human existence as a problem that underpins the paradigmatic basis of existential security, form the work of representatives of culturological, phenomenological, existential and other currents of postmodern philosophy K. Jaspers, N. Luhmann, T. Adorno, M. Foucault, J. Baudrillard, P. Ricoeur, S. Huntington, R. Guardiani, F. Fukuyama, D. Callahan, W. Potter, K.-O. Apel, J. Habermas, V. Hösle. An analysis of postmodern socio-philosophical works on the security of human existence suggests that anthropogenic sources of existential threats are human thinking, devoid of spiritual, moral and humanistic values as vital priorities. It is shown that the need to reformat the basic foundations of understanding the world, necessitates the development of a cognitive paradigm that should integrate the semantic structures of life safety and constitute social practices to prevent threats to human existence based on a system of ethical priorities and values. The peculiarities of the constitution of the cognitive paradigm of existential security are the appeal to the ontological foundations of security - the existence of humanity as the ultimate value of existence; future orientation; comprehensive, interdisciplinary coverage of security issues with access to values as key regulations of human thinking, behavior and activity. It is concluded that the cognitive paradigm of existential security is a set of ideas, fundamental knowledge, values, methodological approaches, examples of solving cognitive problems, according to which integrated knowledge is built on threats to human existence and ways to overcome them. The study of existential security as a paradigm of knowledge opens the prospect of developing humanitarian methods and socio-cultural procedures for the practical solution of the problem of human survival.