To interpret an interpreter or a social history of the French receptions of Nietzschе

Abstract

On the example of Nietzsche’s reception in the French culture of the 20th century the historical-philosophical problem of reception is formulated, the social-institutional factors of address to the ideas of one or another thinker are considered, the inclusion of reception in logic’s interaction of different philosophical and cultural traditions is investigated in the article. Addressing to the analyses of L. Pinto and V. Descombes the author shows that the process of transformation  of Nietzsche to the classic of the French philosophy is determined by the underlying structures of the French philosophical field, such, as a scientific culture of commentator/profane, researcher/creator, erudite/artist, and, also, by the political, moral and scientific problems of the French culture in 1950–1960^th which the French philosophers tried to solve by using of Nietzsche’s philosophy. The publication shows the importance of realization of «external history of ideas» that investigates the social-institutional identities of carriers of ideas and exposes the social conditions of circulation the ideas and receptions. The author considers it is necessary to realize a holistic approach to the history of ideas that envisages the contextualisation of «internal history of ideas», i.e. histories of discursive practices, in «external history of ideas», i.e. invisible, subjected to the reconstruction the philosophical field structures with their hierarchies themes, concepts, authors, research programs that need reconstruction and  in a final analysis determine the sense and orientation of philosophical formulae and declarations.